PARO
Nestled at an altitude of 2,200 meters (7,218 feet), the Paro Valley is a veritable treasure trove of Bhutanese culture, natural splendor, and age-old tales. Here, amidst its picturesque landscapes, lies a tapestry woven with the threads of numerous myths and legends, preserving the essence of Bhutanese heritage.
This valley boasts some of Bhutan’s oldest temples and monasteries, serving as custodians of spiritual wisdom and historical legacy. It is also home to the nation’s sole airport and the esteemed National Museum, where the narrative of Bhutan’s past unfolds in vivid detail.
Dominating the northern horizon stands the majestic Mt. Jomolhari, its pristine white peak soaring to a lofty altitude of 7,300 meters. The glacial streams originating from its slopes cascade through rugged gorges, shaping the course of the Paro River (Pa Chu) as it meanders through the valley.
Renowned for its fertility, the Paro Valley yields the renowned Bhutanese red rice from its terraced fields, symbolizing the bountiful harvests that sustain the kingdom. Embraced by mountains and steeped in heritage, the Paro Valley stands as a testament to Bhutan’s enduring connection with its land and culture.
RINPUNG DZONG
Built in 1646 under the auspices of Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyal, the “fortress of the heap of jewels” presides majestically atop a hill overlooking the quaint township of Paro. Access to this revered stronghold is granted via a traditional covered bridge known as the Nemi Zam, leading visitors on a journey up a meticulously paved stone path flanking the imposing outer walls.
Each spring, the valley comes alive with the vibrant energy of the Paro Tsechu, an annual religious festival steeped in tradition and spirituality. Held within the hallowed courtyard of the dzong and upon the adjacent dance ground nestled amidst the hillside, the Paro Tsechu serves as a cherished celebration of Bhutanese culture and faith.
TA DZONG
Perched proudly on a ridge overlooking Rinpung Dzong stands Ta Dzong, originally constructed as a watchtower to safeguard its counterpart. In Dzongkha, “Ta” translates to “to see,” fitting for structures designed to provide vigilant oversight. Characteristic of its purpose, Ta Dzong, like all watchtowers, assumes a round shape.
In a significant transformation, Paro’s Ta Dzong underwent a remarkable evolution in 1968, being inaugurated as the esteemed National Museum. Today, it houses an eclectic array of artifacts, including captivating art pieces, revered relics, intricate religious thangkha paintings, Bhutan’s coveted postage stamps, coins reflecting the nation’s history, and exquisite handicrafts. Additionally, the museum features a modest natural history collection, offering visitors a multifaceted journey through Bhutan’s cultural and natural heritage.
DRUKGYEL DZONG
Perched majestically atop its hilltop, Drukgyel Dzong overlooks a charming village nestled snugly below its protective ramparts. Constructed in 1646 by the visionary Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyal, this fortress stands as a testament to Bhutan’s resilience in the face of adversity, commemorating the historic triumph over Tibetan invaders.
Despite suffering extensive damage from a devastating fire in 1951, the formidable outer walls and central keep of Drukgyel Dzong endure as a testament to its former grandeur. Approaching the dzong, the awe-inspiring sight of its towering architecture evokes a sense of reverence and admiration.
Journeying along the approach road to Drukgyel Dzong, on clear days, travelers are treated to a breathtaking panorama of Mt. Jomolhari, its majestic peak towering proudly in the distance. This scenic vista adds to the allure of Drukgyel Dzong, inviting visitors to immerse themselves in the rich tapestry of Bhutanese history and natural beauty.
KYICHU LHAKHANG
Dating back to the 7th century, Kyichu Lhakhang stands as one of Bhutan’s oldest and holiest sanctuaries, alongside its counterpart, Jambey Lhakhang in Bumthang. Comprising twin temples, this sacred site bears witness to centuries of spiritual reverence and cultural significance.
The genesis of Kyichu Lhakhang traces back to the 7th century, when the Tibetan king, Songtsen Gampo, commissioned the construction of its first temple. A testament to ancient craftsmanship and devotion, this initial structure laid the foundation for spiritual devotion in the region.
In a poignant gesture of continuity and reverence, Her Majesty Ashi Kesang, the Queen Mother of Bhutan, orchestrated the construction of a second temple in 1968. Designed in harmony with its predecessor, this addition perpetuates the timeless legacy of Kyichu Lhakhang, embodying the enduring bond between Bhutan’s history and its spiritual heritage.
DUNGTSE LHAKHANG
The temple’s remarkable distinction lies in its unique chorten-shaped architecture, a rarity within Bhutanese religious structures. Dating back to 1421, it was conceived and constructed by the renowned Tibetan lama Thongten Gyelpo, also known as Changzampa or the “builder of iron bridges.”
Legend intertwines with history as tales recount the presence of a malevolent demoness wreaking havoc upon the Paro valley, with the very hill upon which the temple stands believed to be her sinister abode. In a bold act of spiritual defiance, Thongten Gyelpo erected a chorten-shaped temple atop the demoness’s head, harnessing the symbolic power of the chorten to subdue her malevolence. Chortens, often likened to nails immobilizing demons, serve as potent symbols of spiritual fortitude and protection against evil forces. Thus, the temple stands as both a testament to Thongten Gyelpo’s ingenuity and a beacon of divine protection, preserving the valley from harm and symbolizing the triumph of light over darkness.
KILA GOMPA
Nestled amidst the rugged beauty of the mountainside below Chele-la pass, Kila Gompa stands as a tranquil sanctuary for Buddhist nuns dedicated to the pursuit of spiritual enlightenment. Here, amidst the craggy terrain and whispering pines, these devoted practitioners devote their lives to religious studies, prayer, and meditation, finding solace and serenity in their secluded abode.
Accessible via a scenic hour-long trek through pine forests from Chele-la, Kila Gompa offers a retreat from the hustle and bustle of the world, providing a space for contemplation and devotion. Among Bhutan’s seven nunneries, Kila Gompa holds a place of distinction as one of the oldest, alongside Buchung Karma Nunnery in Punakha.
Originally established in the early 9th century by Dupthob Chhoeje Norbu and Dupthob Temba as a site for meditation, Kila Gompa endured the trials of time, including destruction by fire. However, its sacred legacy persevered, and the monastery was meticulously reconstructed by the 25th Je Khenpo, Sherab Gyaltshen.
In 1986, Kila Gompa was formally recognized by the government as a nunnery, further cementing its significance as a center of spiritual practice. Throughout its storied history, Kila Gompa has served as a revered meditation site for esteemed saints of the Drukpa Kagyupa school, including Dupthob Chilkarwa, leaving an indelible mark on Bhutanese religious tradition and cultural heritage.
TAKTSANG MONASTERY
TAKTSANG monastery. Perched dramatically on the side of a cliff, 900 meters above the valley floor, the “Tiger’s Nest” monastery is perhaps the most iconic of Bhutan’s monastic landmarks. Legend has it that in the 8th century, Guru Rinpoche, the revered Buddhist master, flew on the back of a tigress from eastern Bhutan to this awe-inspiring location, where he meditated in a cave for three months, thus giving rise to the name “Tiger’s Nest.”
For centuries, this sacred site has been adorned with shrines, bearing witness to the enduring spiritual legacy of Guru Rinpoche. The principal lhakhang, or temple, of the present monastic complex traces its origins back to 1692, a testament to the enduring reverence bestowed upon this hallowed ground.
In 1998, tragedy struck when a devastating fire ravaged the main structure of the monastery. However, through years of meticulous restoration efforts, the complex has been lovingly restored to its former grandeur, once again standing as a beacon of spiritual devotion and architectural splendor.
A pilgrimage to Taktsang is a cherished endeavor for Bhutanese people, who endeavor to visit at least once in their lifetime. The journey to this sacred site entails a steep ascent through a lush pine forest, taking approximately five hours round trip. Despite the challenging climb, pilgrims are rewarded with breathtaking vistas along the way, culminating in awe-inspiring views from the cafeteria viewpoint. The journey to Taktsang is not just a physical endeavor but a spiritual odyssey, offering seekers a profound connection to Bhutan’s rich cultural and religious heritage.
